What are the basic components of a CNC machining center?

What are the basic components of a CNC machining center?

      1. The basic components refer to the cast iron of the bed. It is composed of a bed, a column and a worktable. It is the basic part of the CNC machining center. Most of them are cast iron parts. The CNC machining center must withstand static load and dynamic cutting load during processing, so the rigidity of the bed casting is very required. It is also an important component that determines the quality of CNC machining centers.

       2. Spindle parts. It consists of spindle motor, spindle box, spindle and support and other components. Its start, stop and rotation are controlled by the numerical control system, and the cutting motion is carried out by the tool installed on the spindle, which is the power output component of cutting processing. . The spindle is the key component of the CNC machining center, and the quality of its structure has a great influence on the performance of the CNC machining center.

       3. Control system. The CNC system of CNC machining center is composed of CNC device, programmable controller, servo drive device and motor. They are CNC machining centers that perform sequential control actions and complete operations in-process control centers.

       4. Servo system. The function of the servo system is to convert the signal from the numerical control device into the motion of the machine tool parts, and its performance is one of the main factors that determine the machining accuracy, surface quality and production efficiency of the machine tool pair. CNC machining centers generally use three control methods: semi-closed loop, closed loop and mixed loop.

       5. Automatic tool changer. It is composed of tool magazine, manipulator and drive mechanism. The tool magazine is a device that stores all the tools used for machining the workpiece. There are various types of tool magazines, such as disc type, bucket hat type and chain type, and the capacity ranges from several to dozens. When the tool needs to be changed during the processing, according to the instructions of the numerical control system, the manipulator (or by other means) will remove the tool. Take it out of the tool magazine and put it into the spindle. The structure of the manipulator has many forms according to the relative position and structure of the main shaft.

       6. Some CNC machining centers use the movement of the spindle box or tool magazine to realize tool change without manipulators. Although the tool change process and tool selection method. The structure of the tool magazine and the type of manipulator are different, but they are all controlled by the numerical control device and the programmable controller, and are controlled by the electric motor. Hydraulic or pneumatic mechanism realizes tool selection and exchange. When the contact sensor is installed in the mechanism, the measurement of tool and workpiece error can also be realized.

       7. Automatic pallet changing system. In order to further shorten the non-cutting time, some CNC machining centers are equipped with two automatic exchange workpiece pallets, one is installed on the worktable for processing, and the other is located outside the worktable for workpiece loading and unloading, which can reduce auxiliary time and improve processing efficiency. .

       8. Auxiliary system. Including lubrication, cooling, chip removal, protection, hydraulic and random detection systems and other parts. Although the auxiliary system does not directly participate in the cutting motion, it plays a decisive role in guaranteeing the machining efficiency, machining accuracy and reliability of the CNC machining center, so it is also an indispensable part of the CNC machining center.