What structure does a CNC machining center consist of?

Structural composition of CNC machining center

In general, it is mainly composed of the following 6 parts

1. Basic components. It is the basic structure of the machining center, which consists of a bed, a column and a worktable. They mainly bear the static load of the machining center and the cutting load generated during reprocessing, so it must have sufficient rigidity. These large pieces can be cast iron parts or welded steel structural parts, and they are the largest and heaviest parts in machining centers.

2. Spindle components, consisting of spindle box, spindle motor, spindle and spindle bearings. The start, stop and speed change of the spindle are controlled by the numerical control system, and the cutting tool is involved in the cutting motion through the tool installed on the spindle, which is the power output component of the cutting process. It is the key component of the machining center, which determines the accuracy and stability of the machining center.

3. Numerical control system. The CNC part of the machining center is composed of cnc device, programmable controller PLC, servo drive device and operation panel.

4. Automatic tool changing system. It consists of tool magazine, manipulator, drive mechanism and other components. When the tool needs to be changed, the CNC system issues an instruction, and the manipulator (or by other means) takes the tool out of the tool magazine and loads it into the spindle hole. It solves the tasks of automatic storage, selection, handling and exchange of tools between processes in the multi-process continuous processing after the workpiece is clamped once. The tool magazine (tool head) is a device that stores all the tools used in the machining process. The tool magazine is composed of disc type, chain type, etc., and the capacity ranges from several to hundreds. The structure of the tool arm also has various forms according to the relative position and structure of the tool magazine and the spindle, such as single-arm type, double-arm type, etc. Some machining centers do not use the tool arm but directly use the movement of the spindle box or tool magazine to achieve Change the knife.

5. Auxiliary devices. It includes lubrication, cooling, drainage, protection, hydraulic, pneumatic and detection systems. Although these devices do not directly participate in the cutting motion, they play a role in ensuring the machining efficiency, machining accuracy and reliability of the machining center. Therefore, the machining center is not correct. the missing part.

6. APC automatic pallet changing system. In some machining centers, in order to further unmanned or further shorten non-processing, another one or several workbenches can also load and unload other parts. , to carry out large processing of new parts, which can reduce auxiliary time and improve processing efficiency.