CNC machining - Introduction of tools commonly used in CNC machining

       1. Turning knife. The turning tool is the most widely used tool in metal cutting without signature machining. It can process the outer circle, end plane, thread, inner hole on the lathe, and can also be used for grooving and cutting off. In terms of structure, turning tools can be divided into integral turning tools, welding-assembled turning tools and turning tools with mechanically clamped blades. The turning tools for mechanically clamping the blade can be divided into machine tool turning tools and indexable turning tools. The cutting performance of the mechanically clamped turning tool is stable, and workers do not need to sharpen the tool, so it is used more and more in modern production.

       2. Hole machining tools. Hole machining tools can generally be divided into two categories: one is a tool for machining holes from solid materials, commonly used twist drills, center drills and deep hole drills; Processing tools, commonly used are reaming drills, reamers and boring tools.

       3. Milling cutter Milling cutter is a widely used multi-blade rotary cutter, and there are many types. According to the application, it is divided into: 1) for machining planes, such as cylindrical face milling cutters, end mills, etc.; 2) for machining grooves, such as end mills, T-shaped cutters and angle cutters, etc.; 3) for machining formed surfaces For example, convex semicircular and concave semicircular milling cutters and milling cutters for machining other complex shaped surfaces. The productivity of milling is generally high, and the surface roughness value of the machined surface is large.

       4. Broach. Broach is a multi-tooth tool with high machining accuracy and cutting efficiency. It is widely used in mass production and can process various inner and outer surfaces. The broach can be divided into various types of inner broach and outer broach according to the surface of the workpiece to be processed. When using a broach, in addition to selecting the rake angle and rear angle of the cutter teeth according to the workpiece material, and determining the size of the broach according to the size of the workpiece surface (such as the diameter of the circular hole), two parameters need to be determined: (1) Tooth The rising angle af [that is, the difference between the radii or heights of the front and rear two cutter teeth (or tooth groups)]; (2) the tooth pitch p [that is, the axial distance between the adjacent two cutter teeth].

       5. Threading tools. Threads can be machined by cutting and rolling methods.

       6. Gear cutters. Gear cutters are tools for machining gear tooth profiles. According to the working principle of the tool, gears are divided into forming gear tools and generating gear tools. Commonly used forming gear cutters include disc gear milling cutters and finger gear cutters. Commonly used generating gear cutters include gear shaping cutters, gear hob cutters and shaving cutters. When choosing gear hob and gear shaper, the following points should be paid attention to: (1) The basic parameters of the tool (module, tooth angle, tooth tip height coefficient, etc.) should be the same as the gear to be processed. (2) The precision grade of the tool should be equivalent to the precision grade required by the gear to be machined. (3) The rotation direction of the tool should be the same as the rotation direction of the gear being machined as much as possible. When hobbing spur gears, a left-handed tooth cutter is generally used.

        7. Automatic lines and CNC machine tools. Generally speaking, the cutting part of this kind of tool is not much different from the general tool, but in order to adapt to the characteristics of CNC machine tools and automatic line processing, higher requirements are put forward for them. CNC tools have formed three major systems: turning tool system, drilling tool system and boring and milling tool system